创新网络领域知识主题研究述评

在知识经济时代，创新网络在企业创新中扮演着重要角色，而研究网络中知识要素的产生、传播、吸收等问题对了解企业网络化创新具有重要意义。基于国内外核心文献数据库，收集创新网络领域知识要素相关文献，并结合文献计量分析方法，对该领域近30年有关知识主题研究的演化规律、整体趋势等进行梳理。结果表明，国内外研究年度发文量均呈现3个阶段变化趋势，且分别拥有各自重要载文期刊，国内研究已形成核心团队，而国外并未形成；国内外研究既有相同之处，也存在差异性，且均形成较为清晰的研究框架；在演化规律上，国内横向拓展和纵向深化研究特征显著，而国外更加注重纵向深入探索分析，研究内容也更加分散；在未来前沿热点分析上，中外学者关注内容既有相同点，也有不同点，知识协同、知识惯例、企业数字化转型对知识影响的研究是未来关注重点。     

How to inhibit a partner's strong and weak forms of opportunism: Impacts of network embeddedness and bilateral TSIs

This study investigates the moderating effects of a firm's network embeddedness and a partner's transactional specific investments (TSIs) on relationships between the firm's TSIs and its partner's strong- and weak-form opportunism, and compares the efficiency among these moderator variables. The regression results suggest that (1) a firm's TSIs are positively related to partner's opportunism when network embeddedness and the partner's TSIs are relatively low; but (2) a firm's TSIs are negatively related to partner's opportunism when network embeddedness and the partner's TSIs are relatively high. Furthermore (3) network embeddedness is more effective in inhibiting partner's weak-form opportunism than in inhibiting strong-form opportunism resulting from the firm's TSIs. Finally (4) with regard to the relationship between TSIs and weak-form opportunism, the negative moderating effect of network embeddedness is greater than the negative moderating effect of partner's TSIs. This study explains reasons why conflicting views exist about the relationship between TSIs and partner's opportunism, reveals the differences in the moderating effects of network embeddedness and partner's TSIs, and makes new contributions to both transaction cost theory and embeddedness literature. It also provides, for firms involved in TSIs in a buyer–supplier relationship, insightful managerial suggestions about ways to reduce their partner's varying forms of opportunism.     

Environmental factors influencing the management of key accounts in an Arab Middle Eastern context

Within the sales and marketing literature, it is recognised that a range of external factors can influence how companies in the business-to-business field manage business relationships within national and across international borders. However, there have been very few studies that explore the influence of the external environment on key account relationships, especially within the context of emerging economies. This study draws on the network approach and contingency theory to identify and highlight the influence of external environmental factors on the management of inter-organisational relationships with key customers in emerging economies in the Arab Middle East region. It is based on an extensive qualitative enquiry that utilises 50 in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted in Jordan with endogenous and Western firms. It concludes that key account practices within an Arab context are shaped by a number of contingencies that are embedded in broader institutional contexts and the business environment, which may challenge the adoption of company-wide universal key account management policies across borders.     

数字网络语音室的设计与布设

虚拟企业的合作伙伴大多来自不同的文化背景,跨文化管理是必然的趋势。对虚拟企业进行跨文化管理,要分析其成员的文化背景及组织内部结构特点,本着相互理解、宽容的态度,在虚拟企业内部建构团队文化,进行信任、沟通和冲突的及时管理,以利于虚拟企业的有效运作。     

Institutional environment and firms' sources of financial capital in Central and Eastern Europe

The external business environment is a major determinant of which sources firms select to obtain financial capital. We examine how the regulatory, political, and financial dimensions of the institutional environment influence the extent to which firms rely on informal sources of financial capital. The analyses of data from 2869 firms in twenty-six transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) indicate that ineffective regulatory system, underdeveloped financial system, and government corruption are strong determinants of firms' reliance on informal channels for financial capital. We also find that smaller firms are more vulnerable when the local financial system is underdeveloped and the regulatory institutions are less effective in these transition economies. A subgroup analysis of firms' forms of establishment shows that private firms are sensitive to the level of development of the local financial system and state-owned enterprises are particularly sensitive to the degree of corruption.     

Expectations,network effects and timing of technology adoption: some empirical evidence from a sample of SMEs in Italy

We provide evidence on the influence of expectations and network effects on the timing of technological adoption. By considering a sample of SMEs operating in Italy, we focus on the determinants of their decision to adopt Fast Ethernet, a communication standard for Local Area Networks (LANs). We find that both expectations and network effects significantly affect the timing of adoption. In particular, price expectations generally tend to delay adoption and (indirect) network effects in the form of backward compatibility as well as informational spillovers tend to foster adoption. Firm size also matters.

分布式电力监控系统中安全问题的研究与实现

随着电力监控系统由集中的管理方式转变为采用分布式的网络管理，整个分布式电力监控网络的安全问题显得日益重要。本文在分析电力监控系统特点的基础上为监控网络提供了一个完整的安全服务，该服务包括对安全认证中心、各个分布式监控站点和整个网络传输过程中安全问题的考虑。     

从美国专利看跨国公司研究开发国际网络化的本质

本文对取得美国专利权的19家电子行业的跨国公司研究开发的国际化程度和趋势进行了实证分析.论文确认了19家跨国公司研究开发国际网络化进程中的差异,同时对日本电子行业的跨国公司在基础研究层面的研究开发活动进行了分析.结论是:在"市场竞争的全球化"和"向IT时代转型"这样的外部竞争环境中,为了开发适合全球化市场的新产品,跨国公司必须要在企业内建立一个在世界范围内进行优秀研究开发人才最佳配置的全球网络体系.     

一种多输入队ATM交换结构

本文提出一种多输入排队ＡＴＭ交换结构和相应的输出冲突解决方法，它可以使交换网络避免输入队固有的排头阻塞，从而使网络在不增加运行速率的情况下，可达到输出排队的性能。文中介绍了冲突解决办法及其实现技术，说明它可方便地在高速网中实现。     

台湾农产品大陆营销存在的问题与对策

台湾农产品销往大陆,是两岸同胞实现双赢的贸易。目前,受到各方面因素的制约,发展较为缓慢,使其供求信息难以顺畅地传递,营销成本过高,难以满足多层次的消费需求。为了扩大台湾农产品在大陆的营销,必须建立台湾农产品经销制度,定位大陆消费市场,拓宽畅通销售渠道,使供给与需求更加趋于完全均衡。